Tuesday, September 22, 2020

Explainer: Why is Singapore's Covid-19 death rate the world's lowest

Source Website: https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-worlds-lowest
By Reuters, Asiaone, 17 September 2020 at 04:19 pm


TraceTogether tokens are distributed to residents at Jalan Besar Community Club, as the government speeds up contact tracing efforts to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19), in Singapore on Monday.
PHOTO: TraceTogether tokens are distributed to residents at Jalan Besar Community Club, as the government speeds up contact tracing efforts to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19), in Singapore on Monday.
FILE PHOTO: People cross a street at the shopping district of Orchard Road as the city state reopens the economy, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, in Singapore
Picture posted by John Geddie and Aradhana Aravindan,Reuters on 17 September 2020
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https://news.yahoo.com/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-065950817.html


Singapore has the lowest coronavirus case fatality count globally, with just 27 deaths among the more than 57,000 people who have been infected with Covid-19 in the Southeast Asian island.

At 0.05 per cent, Singapore's death rate is well below the global average of around 3 per cent, according to data compiled by Reuters from countries that have recorded more than 1,000 cases.

A comparison with countries with a similar sized population shows a stark difference - Denmark's death rate is around 3 per cent, while Finland's is around 4 per cent.


At 0.05 per cent, Singapore's death rate is well below the global average of around 3 per cent, according to data compiled by Reuters from countries that have recorded more than 1,000 cases.PHOTO: At 0.05 per cent, Singapore's death rate is well below the global average of around 3 per cent, according to data compiled by Reuters from countries that have recorded more than 1,000 cases.
Picture posted by Reuters, Asiaone, 17 September 2020 at 04:19 pm
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https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-worlds-lowest


Further, nobody has died from the disease in Singapore for more than two months, according to its health ministry. The country's leading disease experts said the following are the main factors behind the phenomenon:

Infection demographics
About 95 per cent of Singapore's Covid-19 infections are among migrant workers, mostly in their 20s or 30s, living in cramped dormitories and employed in labor-intensive sectors such as construction and shipbuilding.

While the parameters of the disease continue to be studied as the pandemic progresses, current global trends suggest its impact has been less severe for younger people, many of whom show few or no symptoms.


Infection demographicsPHOTO: Infection demographics
While the parameters of the disease continue to be studied as the pandemic progresses, current global trends suggest its impact has been less severe for younger people, many of whom show few or no symptoms.
Picture posted by u/loftseto99 on Saturday, 21 December 2019 at 03:19:47 (SGT) - Novita Lam
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Detection
Singapore has managed to mitigate the spread of the virus via early detection using aggressive contact tracing and testing that won praise from the World Health Organisation (WHO).

It has swabbed nearly 900,000 people, more than 15 per cent of its 5.7 million population, according to official data - one of the highest per capita rates globally.

Dormitory residents have been put on a rostered testing regime, authorities have undertaken mass testing among vulnerable communities like care homes, and anyone over 13 with signs of acute respiratory infection is offered a free test.


Dormitory residents have been put on a rostered testing regime, authorities have undertaken mass testing among vulnerable communities like care homes, and anyone over 13 with signs of acute respiratory infection is offered a free test.PHOTO: Dormitory residents have been put on a rostered testing regime, authorities have undertaken mass testing among vulnerable communities like care homes, and anyone over 13 with signs of acute respiratory infection is offered a free test.
It has swabbed nearly 900,000 people, more than 15 per cent of its 5.7 million population, according to official data - one of the highest per capita rates globally.
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"The more we diagnose, then the lower the mortality rate is," said Hsu Li Yang at Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health at National University of Singapore.

Hospitalisation
The pre-emptive approach has also applied to treatment. Covid-19 patients above the age of 45 years or with underlying conditions that make them vulnerable are cared for in hospital even if they are otherwise well, doctors said.

"Our care is conventional but done well; fluid management, anticoagulation and both proven drugs and participation in drug trials," said Dale Fisher, a senior consultant at Singapore's National University Hospital.


HospitalisationPHOTO: Hospitalisation
The pre-emptive approach has also applied to treatment. Covid-19 patients above the age of 45 years or with underlying conditions that make them vulnerable are cared for in hospital even if they are otherwise well, doctors said.
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Singapore was already a medical tourism hub for Southeast Asia, with numerous private hospitals and high quality public healthcare facilities. It also built up bed space for coronavirus patients in cavernous exhibition halls and other temporary facilities to house those with mild or no symptoms.

This prevented the healthcare system from being overwhelmed so that attention and resources could be focused on the more severe cases, doctors said. Singapore currently has no Covid-19 patients in intensive care, while 42 are warded in hospital and a further 490 in temporary facilities.


Singapore currently has no Covid-19 patients in intensive care, while 42 are warded in hospital and a further 490 in temporary facilities.PHOTO: Singapore currently has no Covid-19 patients in intensive care, while 42 are warded in hospital and a further 490 in temporary facilities.
Picture posted by iStockphoto
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Mandatory masks
The city-state made masks mandatory in public in April. While experts have said more studies need be done, there is growing evidence that wearing masks helps reduce the prevalence and severity of the virus. The WHO has recommended the use of masks in combination with other social distancing measures.


Mandatory masksPHOTO: Mandatory masks
The city-state made masks mandatory in public in April. While experts have said more studies need be done, there is growing evidence that wearing masks helps reduce the prevalence and severity of the virus. The WHO has recommended the use of masks in combination with other social distancing measures.
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"We have adopted a good mask culture in Singapore. This makes the disease milder," said Leong Hoe Nam, an infectious diseases expert at the city's Mount Elizabeth Hospital.

Classification
Singapore sticks rigidly to the WHO's case definition for classifying Covid-19 deaths. It does not include non-pneumonia fatalities like those caused by blood or heart issues among Covid-19 patients in its official tally.


ClassificationPHOTO: Classification
Singapore sticks rigidly to the WHO's case definition for classifying Covid-19 deaths. It does not include non-pneumonia fatalities like those caused by blood or heart issues among Covid-19 patients in its official tally.
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"I have no doubt that if the WHO revises its case definitions, some of the non-pneumonia deaths will be reclassified and the mortality rate will change," said Paul Tambyah, president of the Asia Pacific Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, without specifying how much it would likely shift.

The health ministry has said its approach is consistent with international practice, although some countries like Britain have taken broader counts. NUH's Fisher said any change from reclassifications in Singapore would be marginal.


May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.
May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.
PHOTO: Find rest through the noise
Looking at her nine-month-old daughter sleeping sounding in her baby carrier one day, singer-songwriter Bel Thomson reflected, “As she slept there, I did some chores, cleaning and washing breakfast plates. With all the noise I was making, she continued sleeping . . . I guess because she can feel me close, she knows she’s safe.
“I heard God whisper, ‘You need to cleave to God and rest in the same way, through all the noise and fear around you. Cleave to Me. Stay close and find rest through the noise.’” [2]
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By Reuters, Asiaone, 17 September 2020 at 04:19 pm


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Reference
[1] Reuters, Asiaone, Explainer: Why is Singapore's Covid-19 death rate the world's lowest, posted on 17 September 2020 at 04:19 pm, https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-worlds-lowest

[2] Melody Tan, Showing God to children during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, posted on Wednesday, 15 April 2020, https://www.mumsatthetable.com/showing-god-to-children-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-crisis


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