Saturday, July 18, 2020

Covid-19 breakthrough: Singapore researchers discover antibodies that can neutralise virus

Source Website: https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/covid-19-breakthrough-singapore-researchers-discover-antibodies-can-neutralise-virus
By Audrey Tan, The Straits Times, Asiaone, 17 July 2020 at 02:25 pm


Researchers have found antibodies that bind to four important sites of the coronavirus.
PHOTO: Researchers have found antibodies that bind to four important sites of the coronavirus.
DSO National Laboratories
Picture posted by Audrey Tan, The Straits Times, Asiaone on 17 July 2020 at 02:25 pm
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https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/covid-19-breakthrough-singapore-researchers-discover-antibodies-can-neutralise-virus


SINGAPORE - The search for antibodies that can neutralise the coronavirus in a Covid-19 patient can be like looking for a needle in a haystack, but researchers in Singapore have prevailed.

They have found antibodies, a key element of the human immune system, that bind to four important sites of the coronavirus.

In binding to these sites, the antibodies prevent the virus from either hijacking a human cell, or replicating inside of it.


Researchers have found antibodies, a key element of the human immune system, that bind to four important sites of the coronavirus.
PHOTO: Researchers have found antibodies, a key element of the human immune system, that bind to four important sites of the coronavirus.
In binding to these sites, the antibodies prevent the virus from either hijacking a human cell, or replicating inside of it.
Picture posted by HospiMedica International staff writers on 05 May 2020
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https://www.hospimedica.com/covid-19/articles/294782165/researchers-discover-antibody-that-blocks-novel-coronavirus-sars-cov-2-infection-in-cells.html


These findings by scientists from the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star) were announced at a virtual press conference on Friday morning (July 17).

Their discovery could pave the way for better diagnostics, to identify people who recover from the infection without symptoms, for example, or lead to improved treatment for patients.

It could also guide vaccine discovery, or validate the effectiveness of one, the researchers said.

Professor Leo Yee Sin, executive director of NCID, said Sars-CoV-2 - the coronavirus that causes Covid-19 - has challenged the international scientific community with numerous unsolved questions.

But the latest discovery by the Singapore team has shed light on a key unknown: The human body's defence mechanisms against viruses.

While the findings could pave the way for better treatments and the development of a vaccine, the researchers say a lot more work is needed.

For example, one big unknown is how long the antibodies would persist in a recovered patient.

The NCID will continue to monitor the antibody levels in recovered patients over two years to better determine this.

The findings
The latest discovery, published in two scientific journals - Nature Communications and The Lancet - centres around a specific type of antibody that can prevent the virus from hijacking a human cell in the first place, or prevent it from replicating inside a human cell.


The latest discovery, published in two scientific journals - Nature Communications and The Lancet - centres around a specific type of antibody that can prevent the virus from hijacking a human cell in the first place, or prevent it from replicating inside a human cell.
PHOTO: The latest discovery, published in two scientific journals - Nature Communications and The Lancet - centres around a specific type of antibody that can prevent the virus from hijacking a human cell in the first place, or prevent it from replicating inside a human cell.
Picture posted by National Institutes of Health on Tuesday, 25 February 2020
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https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-remdesivir-treat-covid-19-begins


These antibodies are collectively known as neutralising antibodies, and they are but one of thousands of immune system "soldiers" produced by the body during an infection.

This is because when an invading pathogen is detected, the body produces many different types of antibodies and cells to fight it. All of them play different roles in mounting a defence against the invader.

Neutralising antibodies are so called because they bind to specific, important sites of the virus, which prevents it from starting its invasion.

This includes, for example, sites on the surface of the virus that are used to lock onto a human cell, similar to the way a key fits into a lock.

The recruitment of antibodies to the specific sites on the virus disrupt their "shapes", and this prevents the virus from latching on to the human cell.


Neutralising antibodies are so called because they bind to specific, important sites of the virus, which prevents it from starting its invasion.
PHOTO: Neutralising antibodies are so called because they bind to specific, important sites of the virus, which prevents it from starting its invasion.
This includes, for example, sites on the surface of the virus that are used to lock onto a human cell, similar to the way a key fits into a lock.
The recruitment of antibodies to the specific sites on the virus disrupt their "shapes", and this prevents the virus from latching on to the human cell.
Picture posted by Lucy Jones, The Queensland Times on 06 May 2020 at 5:54 AM
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https://www.qt.com.au/news/antibody-that-blocks-virus-discovered/4008947/


For the study, samples of blood, sputum or stool, among others, were taken from more than 100 recovering Covid-19 patients, the researchers said.

Scientists then analysed them in laboratories using special equipment and reagents to identify antibodies that "gather" at the four specific binding sites (known to the scientists as epitopes S14P5, S21P2, S20P2 and N4P5) on the virus, neutralising it.

Professor Lisa Ng, a senior principal investigator at A*Star's Singapore Immunology Network and member of the team which made the latest discoveries said the identification of these specific targets on the virus is a crucial advance in the development of better diagnostics and treatments for Covid-19.

"There is also potential to use these targets against similar coronaviruses to address other viral outbreaks," she added.


Christians may come to God with timid prayers.
PHOTO: Christians may come to God with timid prayers.
Christians need to pray with confidence, trusting God’s goodness and grace (Matthew 7:11), and pray with conviction that God will reward those who pursue Him (Hebrews 11:6).

"Loving God, I pray that you will comfort me in my suffering, lend skill to the hands of my healers, and bless the means used for my cure. Give me such confidence in the power of your grace, that even when I am afraid, I may put my whole trust in you; through our Savior Jesus Christ. Amen."
Picture posted by happy-decopon on 19 June 2018 at 18:15:40
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https://ameblo.jp/happy-decopon/entry-12384802003.html

For the latest updates on the coronavirus, visit here.
By Audrey Tan, The Straits Times, Asiaone, 17 July 2020 at 02:25 pm
This article was first published in The Straits Times. Permission required for reproduction.



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Reference
[1] Audrey Tan, The Straits Times, Asiaone, Covid-19 breakthrough: Singapore researchers discover antibodies that can neutralise virus, posted on 17 July 2020 at 02:25 pm, https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/covid-19-breakthrough-singapore-researchers-discover-antibodies-can-neutralise-virus


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